In the passage Du Bois critiques Booker T. Washington's methods for the education and assimilation of African Americans in society: "...it has been claimed that the Negro can survive only through submission. Mr. Washington distinctly asks that...
In the speech Wallace makes his famous statement against integration: "Today I have stood, where once Jefferson Davis stood, and took an oath to my people. It is very appropriate that from this Cradle of the Confederacy, this very Heart of the...
In the telegram Powell and Dempsey write on behalf of African American ministers who have been arrested in connection with the Montgomery bus boycott: "We shall pray for your guidance in this matter that you may not be persuaded by the prejudices...
In this letter to his granddaughter, Frank sends news of friends and family and mentions current events such as football at the University of Alabama and segregation in Arkansas.
In this passage Leon Alexander, a coal miner and union organizer in Alabama, recalls living and working under Jim Crow laws and his early efforts to fight them. He discusses father's work in the United Mine Workers and the unsuccessful miners'...
Included here is Chapter 20, "The Negro and the World War." The chapter begins by describing African American support for the war effort, but then turns to a discussion of democracy, equality, and civil rights: "Before the war, two expressions were...
Statement issued by James T. Mason, president of the Easonian Seminary, to the "Leaders of the White Race." In it Mason protests the mistreatment of African Americans: "This condition of affairs is becoming serious. Instead of the service rendered...
The first page included here discusses officers of the council and their salaries. The second page discusses the sale of lots in the "colored" cemetery and a new city ordinance that makes it unlawful to "carry on any barber business" on the...
The letter asks Wallace to reconsider his opposition to the integration of the University of Mississippi. The author argues that racial strife will harm the nation ("What more could Russia ask?") and urges the new governor to enter office with a...
The meeting was led by Don Hallmark and featured the following speakers: Montgomery Mayor Earl James, Dr. Henry Lyon of Highland Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery Citizens' Council Chairman Carl Herbert Lancaster, and Alabama Attorney General...
The report is directed to Virgil Stuart, chief of police in St. Augustine, Florida. It describes Mitchell's work to promote integration in Birmingham and warns that he has recently left the city to take a position with the Southern Regional Council...
The States Rights Advocate was the official publication of the Montgomery County Citizens' Council, which was formed in 1955 to prevent integration in the county and state.
The States Rights Advocate was the official publication of the Montgomery County Citizens' Council, which was formed in 1955 to prevent integration in the county and state.
This article announces that the Montgomery city council has adopted an ordinance to segregate street cars: "...all street railroads operated in the City of Montgomery and its police jurisdiction shall provide separate accommodations for white...
This article cites a newspaper from Washington, D.C., which predicts that segregationist sentiment in the nation's capital will lead to "Jim Crow" street cars there: "What is true in Washington is true elsewhere, and especially in the South. The...
This article compares street car ordinances in Mobile and New Orleans: "Of the two the Mobile law seems to be the best, for it does not require the making of separate compartments in the cars, but simply that white passengers shall be seated in the...