Alabama Dept. of Archives and History Digital Collections

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All fields: Indians of North America--Wars

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- Letter from Harry Toulmin at Fort Stoddert in Mobile County, Alabama, to Brigadier General Ferdinand Claiborne, "on the road from Baton Rouge."
- 1813 July 23
- In the letter Toulmin discusses an uprising of Creek Indians in Pensacola, Florida. According to reports, they even plan to assassinate several of their own chiefs: "This will effect a compleat [sic] revolution in the government, and the patriots...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from Colonel Charles McLemore of the 76th Regiment in Lafayette, Alabama, to Governor Clement C. Clay.
- 1836 May 23
- In the letter McLemore explains that a number of Indians in the area have been "manafesting warlike symptoms"; in response, he has called out the militia and constructed two forts to protect the county. He describes recent events but reports that...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from O. K. Freeman in Tuskegee, Alabama, to Governor Clement C. Clay in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
- 1836 March 5
- After learning from an acquaintance that the "indians intended to go to war, when the trees put out their leaves," Freeman traveled through the Creek nation in Alabama to observe their behavior. In the letter he reports activities among the Indians...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Fragments of a diary kept by Frederick Weedon during the Seminole War of 1836.
- 1836
- In the diary he describes the treatment of victims of injuries, sickness, and wounds during the war, concentrating especially on his treatment of Chief Osceola. He also notes the cause of death of many soldiers and Native Americans, and he...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Copy of a letter from Governor Clement C. Clay in Montgomery, Alabama, to the officer commanding the Georgia militia at Columbus.
- 1836 May 28
- In the letter Clay explains "that hostilities have been commenced, by the Creek Indians, upon the inhabitants of Alabama, as well as those of Georgia." He then explains local troop preparations and proposed tactics for winning the fight, and he...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from Dr. Neal Smith in St. Stephens, Alabama, to James Smiley.
- 1813 January 8
- In the letter Dr. Smith discusses the fall of Fort Mims and a battle led by General Claiborne against the Creek Indians at Holy Ground. Though the letter is dated 1813, it was probably written in 1814: he says that the fight took place on December...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from Benjamin Bedell in Pine Level to Colonel James Caller in Washington County of the Mississippi Territory.
- 1812 June 3
- In the letter Bedell explains that several armed Indians have been seen in the area, causing "a general state of alarm." He urges Caller to provide military assistance, so the inhabitants will not have to abandon their crops and property: "Would it...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from the chiefs and warriors of several Creek Indian towns, to Governor Clement C. Clay.
- 1836 May 30
- The letter gives the Indians' response to the proclamation Clay issued to the Creek chiefs. They express disappointment at the behavior of the warring Indians but then describe their own amiable relations with white settlers, mentioning, however,...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from John J. Walker an emigrating agent for the Creek Indians in Tuskegee, Alabama, to Governor Clement C. Clay.
- 1836 June 2
- In the letter Walker argues that the removal of the Creek Indians has been delayed by the chief Hopoethleyahola (Opothleyaholo) and not by the merchants who have been contracted to provide them with supplies for their journey: "we have agents...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Testimony and deposition from the treason trial of William Earles.
- 1837
- Earles pleads not guilty to the charge of treason against the state of Alabama; he was indicted because of his close association with the Creek Indians in the eastern part of the state. Six witnesses provide statements about his acquaintance with...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from James Caller to Ferdinand L. Claiborne at Baton Rouge.
- 1813 July 20
- In the letter Caller explains his plan to lead the militia in an attack against the Creek Indians, and he asks Claiborne to provide any assistance he can: "...we have deem'd it prudent and advisable to call out the militia and attack the party on...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from Governor Clement C. Clay in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to Secretary of War J. R. Poinsett in Washington, D.C.
- 1837 April 17
- In the letter Clay discusses Creek Indians who have escaped from removal camps and are hiding in their old territory: "It is...impossible to ascertain satisfactorily how many of these deluded savages, are still lurking within our limits, but I am...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Transcript of a letter from Alexander McGillivray to Colonel Brown, the British superintendent at Pensacola, Florida.
- 1780 May 13
- In the letter McGillivray describes the efforts of the Creek Indian soldiers against the Spanish forces and the difficult living conditions his troops endure: "Owing to their being fed entirely upon salt provisions, the bad water about Pensacola,...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from Peter Little in Natchez, Mississippi, to the editors of the National Intelligencer, a newspaper in Washington, D.C.
- 1813 September 14
- In this letter Little discusses events near Fort Stoddert in Mobile County, Alabama; he is referring to the Battle of Burnt Corn and the massacre at Fort Mims. Originally, he enclosed relevant handbills for the editors to read, and also five...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from Joseph Carson in Mount Vernon, Alabama, to General Ferdinand Claiborne.
- 1813 July 30
- In the letter Carson discusses a Creek uprising led by Peter McQueen. He describes the army's attempts to stop it, including the defeat of an expedition under Colonel Caller at Escambia Swamp. A transcript of the letter is included.
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from Thomas Vaughn at St. Stephens, Alabama, to General Ferdinand Claiborne in Alabama.
- 1813 December 31
- In the letter Vaughn describes the celebrations that took place at St. Stephens when news arrived of Claiborne's victory at the Battle of Holy Ground.
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from John Smylie in Macon County, Georgia, to Reverend James Smylie in Centreville, Mississippi.
- 1825 May 7
- In the letter John discusses traveling through Alabama and Georgia, and he describes the Creek uprising after the Treaty of Indian Springs was signed: "The Creek Indians are in a great commotion at present. On Saturday last they have killed Genl....
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Letter from General Edmund P. Gaines at Fort Mitchell, Alabama, to John Coffee at Fort Strother, Alabama.
- 1816 February 18
- In the letter Gaines expresses concerns he and Colonel William Barnett have setting the boundary lines between the United States and Indian land, as outlined in the Treaty of Fort Jackson: "Colonel Barnett and myself had set out with a view to...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Transcripts of military records related to the command of Brigadier Joseph Graham during the Creek War.
- 1814 May -July
- During the war Graham was a member of the North Carolina Militia in the 6th Military District; his forces participated in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The transcripts consist of military orders and correspondence between generals in the 6th and...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection
- Excerpts from ANNALS OF LOUISIANA FROM 1698 TO 1722 by André Pénicaut, which appeared in The Alabama Historical Quarterly.
- 1943
- In the passages Pénicaut describes fighting between the French settlers and local Indian tribes (especially the Alibamons); recounts a visit with the Natchez Indians on the Mississippi River, during which he observed the tribe's customs and...
- Alabama Textual Materials Collection